Marc has a thoughtful piece in the Atlantic where he discusses his own struggles with obesity, his discussion to undergo bariatric surgery and our current obesity policy.
This observation is especially poignant
IF WE CAN’T EASILY cure obesity, we’ve got two choices: we rely on medical science to ameliorate its effects, in which case we consign the obese to a miserable life waiting for that one pill or Nature article that solves it all; or we get serious about helping to prevent people, and especially children, from becoming overweight and obese in the first place. (Eighty percent of people who were overweight at ages 10 to 15 are obese at 25.) This is the province of policy makers: state legislatures, school boards, members of Congress, executive-branch members, even corporate boards.
However, it is important to accept that we know as little about preventing obesity as we do about curing it. There is no significant evidence that I am aware of to believe that preventing obesity is any easier than curing it.
It is possible that the modern rise in obesity involves some form of addiction and that some people are more genetically prone. In the same way that many can drink all they want and never become alcoholics, some can eat all they want and never become obese. In this case prevention might seem to make a lot sense.
This may be true. I don’t know of strong evidence to suggest that is. However, even if it is true it doesn’t tell us what we need to do to prevent obesity. We can’t ask that people abstain from food.
We could ask that they abstain from all “unhealthy food” though that would require a good grasp on exactly what healthy food is. This is something that we do not have. Note that as little as 12 years ago most doctors would have considered pasta a health food, while virtually few would today.
However, even that is not likely to be the answer. Ice cream and soft drinks existed in the 1950s yet the obesity epidemic was under control. If there is a specific tipping point, then we don’t know what it is.
To make social policy and to be sure we are not doing more harm than good we need a serious Theory of Obesity. One that accounts for all of the stylized facts. One that can explain the rise in the epidemic, the strong genetic association, the tens of millions of failed attempts to loose weight and the stunning success of bariatric surgery and Fen-Phen.
It must also be able to explain how for 5000 years since the formation of the first human cities our environment was close enough to our evolutionary environment to avoid obesity but in the last 35 the entire world has suddenly tipped into a spiraling obesity.
These are not easy questions. This is not an easy problem. By far the most important thing we need at this juncture is humility. When we start monkeying around with government policy that impacts the very sustenance of individuals then the potential for doing more harm than good is great.

6 comments
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Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 10:04 am
Joel S
The genetic argument doesn’t hold water: how many of our grandparents were obese? Not many, and they had the same genes.
We search endlessly for a cause for obesity when it is common for an adult man in America, whose caloric requirement (to maintain the same weight with a sedentary lifestyle) might be 2000 or 2500, to be ingesting 4000 or more per day.
There is no mystery: a person who is ingesting only their maintenance number of calories per day will not be obese. Our caloric intake, combined with sedentary lifestyles, explains the obesity epidemic entirely. It’s not sugar, per se, and it’s not fats, per se.
Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 1:31 pm
Hoisted from the Comments: Obesity Mystery Already Solved? « Modeled Behavior
[…] ~ April 16th, 2010 in Health Care, obesity | by Karl Smith Joel S comments The genetic argument doesn’t hold water: how many of our grandparents were obese? Not many, and […]
Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 2:16 pm
Rene
You may think you are boring readers, but you are wrong!!! And where ever did you get that vintage pic??? This discussion has been absolutely fascinating. I never, ever considered that whole “how can it be genetics if grandma wasn’t fat” argument. Thank you for circling back to expand on this.
Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 6:08 pm
Carlos
Going through your posts tagged with either obesity or health care I didn’t find references to one I consider an excellent resource for shedding some light to your questions in the last three paragraphs: Gary Taubes’ book “Good Calories Bad Calories” attempts to explain how it is we got to where we are in terms of the obesity epidemic, the unfortunately wrong “common wisdom” concerning our ideas on nutrition and, as you point out, our problems have a lot to do with tragically erroneous government/social policy that has indeed done more harm than good. As they say, the road to hell is paved with good intentions.
I am not one to go around trying to “save people from themselves”, but being at this point convinced to have benefited greatly from what I’ve learned in the last 6 months to a year, well, please give this book a read, maybe check paleonu.com (and his blogroll), then tell us what you think.
Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 9:48 pm
Dan
“We can’t ask that people abstain from food.”
That’s ridiculous. We’d damn well better! Especially in schools – junk food (e.g. chicken nuggets) should certainly be banned, second helpings should not be provided, and gym class should certainly involve running. What sort of madness is this, where indolence is institutionalized? Have we no self-respect?
It is a crime for bars in most areas to sell alcohol to a patron who is obviously completely inebriated. Surely it ought to be an equal crime to sell cheeseburgers to a patron who is obviously obese?
All of this talk of “obesity epidemics”, genetic factors … it’s as if people weren’t deliberately choosing to be obese! They are ALL choosing it. Every time an obese person eats anything other than steamed spinach and egg whites with no salt or butter, every instant they spend on their ample bottom rather than running, swimming, or doing pushups – every instant of self-indulgence is a CHOICE to remain massive.
I agree that motivationally it is quite difficult to reverse this choice, especially when it is a lifestyle. Obesity can become a convenient excuse for many failings in life, in work, and in love. But it is a CHOICE! The fundamental problem is our nation of entitlement. Responsibility is habitually offloaded to the nearest authority figure (often God, or better, Science).
To the “helpless victims of obesity”: have you tried push ups?
Friday ~ April 16th, 2010 at 10:15 pm
Karl Smith
Dan, we can ban chicken nuggets and second helpings but can we ban all food? This is my simple point.
If we can’t ban all food then we need to know exactly what food to ban. This is not a simple question. No diet does well in long term clinical studies. No selection of foods seems to consistently beat obesity.
As for push-ups. Many obese people have tried them. Many thin people have not. At a minimum they don’t seem to be a magic bullet. What we would like is a controlled experiment that could produce sustained weight loss from push-ups but so far all attempts have failed.
This is why I strongly urge humility. I suggest that we do not really understand whats going on. Even obesity experts and journalists who I deeply respect like Robert Lustig and Gary Taubes, I believe are too quick to announce a smoking gun.
If you have a complete understanding of obesity then you should be able to perform a clinical trial in which your method works consistently. So far only three techniques have passed that hurdle out of the literally thousands that have tried:
Bariatric Surgery
Fen-Phen
Qnexa
We’d like to understand exactly what these three have in common and why they work where everything else fails.