Robin Hanson says
We say we go to docs to get well, but why if those who go more aren’t more well? We say we study to get better jobs, but why if we won’t bother to study what jobs we should want to get?
My mind is still pondering how best to explain this. A few ideas come to mind, but none are that satisfactory yet. But what most strikes me is at the meta level – few of my academic colleagues seem nearly as bothered by such things as I. So many academics, including economists, study medicine and schooling, and yet they hardly even mention such obvious dramatic puzzles, much less devote themselves to resolving them.
I didn’t read the posts that inspired Robin’s post on this but ironically I was just thinking about this question this morning: why are so many people supportive of education.
I think Robin has a good story about Medicine. Not saying that its definitely right but it’s a story that recognizes the fundamental problems and more or less hangs together. That makes it a good start.
So, the natural thing to do is see if we can port that same story over to education. Do parents give their children education because they think it will help them or is education just a way for parents to tell their children they love them.
The helping them story is not utterly implausible because there do seem to be benefits associated with education. Even if you tell a story where education is just about proving that you smart and dedicated (the signaling hypothesis) its still beneficial for the individual family to provide education.
However, it does introduce lots of puzzles. If education is really about giving you the skills to get a good job then why isn’t education more vocationally focused.
If its all just a signal then why is our long drawn-out educational process not replaced by testing to see if you are smart and then a grueling internship to see if you have the work ethic to cut it. The military does this for enlisted soldiers and it seems to work well for them.
On the other hand the education as a sign of love hypothesis explains lots of things. It explains a focus on small class sizes. It explains a focus on prestige. It explains why spending on education would just go up as society got richer and why rising inequality would lead to exploding inequality in educational spending.

Notice that the share of spending devoted to education by the top quartile went up over the last decade.
Even if the share stayed constant the top quartile would be increasing its spending on education at a faster rate than everyone else, because spending at the top is rising faster.
However, that’s not end of the story. The top quartile is spending a bigger fraction of their faster growing spending on education.
What the love hypothesis doesn’t explain is rising student debt. Why are the students themselves taking on ever larger burdens. Is it so they can prove that they love themselves? That’s not totally implausible, but out the gate it doesn’t seem very compelling.

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Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 3:20 pm
iamreddave
One of the best essays I have read on what is the actual purpose of school is by Paul Graham.
http://www.paulgraham.com/nerds.html
Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 3:37 pm
Hyena
See, this is an article where Graham ran aground. Smartness didn’t make nerds unpopular, the low popularity of their peripheral interests made nerds unpopular.
Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 4:45 pm
iamreddave
My reading of the essay says something like your comment. That it is not smartness that made nerd unpopular it is an unwillingness to invest the effort in the interests that would make them popular.
Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 5:28 pm
Hyena
I don’t really buy that, though. The issue is that if your interests ran the direction of your peers, you wouldn’t need to invest effort in it. You’d do that naturally.
In fact, that’s what’s happening today: now that science fiction and video games are a lot more mainstream, what used to be “nerdtainment” is a common conversation topic. The idea that nerds are somehow “differently invested” or in some other way subtly superior to their peers is an enormous load.
Monday ~ April 18th, 2011 at 9:34 am
IVV
In my personal experience, smartness made me unpopular. Certainly my interests were different, but those that disliked me the most in school disliked me because I knew stuff they didn’t, and could run circles around their ideas. There was a lot more jealousy involved than ostracism.
Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 3:22 pm
Hyena
What if the problem were really simple: smart people do the teaching and design the curricula, those then reflect their interests. Not their economic interests, but things they’re interested in.
Think about it: school curricula look eerily similar to a less-teched version of the BoingBoing topic space. It’s acceptable because smart people signed off on it. Research which shows it isn’t optimal has a hard time getting through because the system–you make smart people by teaching things smart people like–has enough prima facie plausibility that it will always create doubt about any other method.
All the talk about signaling, prestige or anything else is a sideshow. They add to the system rather than define it, which explains why all of these factors disappear quickly and even people with no hope of capitalizing on them still get an education.
Saturday ~ April 16th, 2011 at 5:17 pm
The Elasticity of the “Love Hypothesis” « Modeled Behavior
[...] Why Do We Send Kids to School? [...]
Tuesday ~ April 19th, 2011 at 2:17 pm
Floccina
Do parents give their children education because they think it will help them or is education just a way for parents to tell their children they love them.
Or are parents and nations seeking bragging rights? I love to tell people how well my son did on the SAT so did I really get that SAT tutor for him.
The USA is determined to improve its PISA scores, as if PISA measured anything important. People bring up Cuba in the context of education saying how great Cuba does at educating but if you think about what is the purpose of education to help people live better lives who could believe that Cuba educates well if that is true?
It is a contest like a sporting event and we like to win for the status.
Tuesday ~ April 19th, 2011 at 2:18 pm
Floccina
Oh and the problem with it being just a contest is that the contest often squeezes out real education that could be valuable.