Forecasting what technologies we will adopt in the future and how will interact with them is a highly speculative game, and the past is littered with hilariously misguided projections. A famous example is an article in The Ladies Home Journal from 1900 that predicts what life would be like in 2000. While some guesses are impressively accurate, some are very wrong. For instance, here’s prediction #22:
Store Purchases by Tube. Pneumatic tubes, instead of store wagons, will deliver packages and bundles. These tubes will collect, deliver and transport mail over certain distances, perhaps for hundreds of miles. They will at first connect with the private houses of the wealthy; then with all homes. Great business establishments will extend them to stations, similar to our branch post-offices of today, whence fast automobile vehicles will distribute purchases from house to house.
Despite the difficultly inherent in such projections, I am prepared to argue that not only are brain mounted computers a likely future technology, but their widespread adoption is a dominant strategy equilibrium. For those unfamiliar with game theory, a dominant strategy equilibrium is the outcome that results when everyone plays the strategy that “dominates” all of the other strategies available to them, where “dominating” means it has the highest payout no matter what strategy the other players use. Given the existence of a strictly dominant strategy equilibrium, it is inevitable.
There’s probably an accepted term for the collective bundle of technology I’m talking about that’s fancier sounding than “brain mounted computers”, but it gets the point across. I’m actually referring to several technologies that all exist in some form or another today, including virtual retinal displays, augmented reality, neural input devices, and of course very tiny computers to run the whole thing.
Let me describe it extreme layman’s terms (the only terms I know): you’ll have a powerful computer in your future iPhone-like-device that is connected to a special contact lens that so that screens floats in front on your face, and you steer the whole thing with your brain. The most important facts about this technology is that a) nobody will be able to tell whether you’re looking at your computer or not, and b) it will always be available to you.
Why is using this device a dominant strategy? Choosing to use it is simply expanding your memory and factual knowledge to include everything on the internet. As far as anyone who knows you can tell you will never misspell a word, not know a fact, forget the words to a song, or know any piece of data. Quick: what was the per-capita GDP of Guatamala in 1976? Anyone with a brain mounted computer will be able to tell you.
Because nobody will be able to tell whether you’re using it, genius will be indistinguishable from brain mounted computer use. If nobody uses it you will have the advantages over your coworkers that perfect memory would give you today. If everybody but you uses it you will have all the disadvantages that someone with really terrible memory has today. When everyone else uses brain mounted computers, those without them will look forgetful and unknowledgeable. It will be a dominant strategy in the same way that optional genius would be today; only extreme individuals will choose to reject it.
In time society will adjust to these technologies, and the speed and anticipation of your thoughts will increase, such that the notion of real memory will no longer be distinct from virtual memory.
Education will have to change drastically, and the fact based portion of schooling will become trivial. You’ll only need to learn how to look stuff up in a given field. All of accounting will take a week to learn. All fields will be trained more like librarians are today.
Once perfect memory is universal, logic, reason, and analytical thinking will be the sole dimension by which intelligence is measured.
Since we know memory needs to be exercised, our real capacity for memory will wither and future generations will evolve with less and less capacity for it. If some disaster were to wipe out electricity and return us to a low tech world we would be helpless, unable to remember the most basic facts without the aid of our brain computers. The few remaining natural brains (which is what we’ll derisively call them) -who chose to live as luddites in secluded villages in far away forests and jungles- will become kings… if we can remember where to find them.
If the existence of this technology is inevitable, and surely that much is uncontroversial, then how can its widespread adoption possibly be avoided?

33 comments
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Monday ~ October 18th, 2010 at 8:59 am
Roland
But will it be a pareto optimal equlibrium? Apart from the withered memory drawback, what about the possibility that logic, reason, and analytical thinking are but one element in the human portfolio of mental capacities? Such imbalance in our collective capacities will yield all kinds of inferior outcomes..
Monday ~ October 18th, 2010 at 10:53 am
Pablo Garcia
I think you are wrong with poweroutages. I think that we will never run out of power as our supercomputers will be powered by our bodies own electrical currents.
I think a crazy aspect of this is how close to magic and telepathic communication the future will be.
I envision also, being able to control a computer entirely with our brains simply by thought (I believe this technolgoy is already available).
So what will stop us from being able to write a message simply by thinking it, and sending it wirelessly to another receiving person who will also see this message in their retina.
Even more advanced, because we are controlled by electrical impulses, why not have a chip that will send electrical shocks delivering the message and therefore we won’t even need a retina display. the computer will communicate directly with our brain.
Going even further, the computer will become a part of our brain and storing and retrieving information will be as simple as it is today. We will be able to recall memory perfectly from our memory banks.
I don’t know if it would be possible to use the processing power to enhance our analytical thinking, and I agree with you 100% on that part. Our ability to deduct, analyze, and create will be what differentiates people.
I see it as the same in sports. Most athletes are equal in athletic ability (Wide Receivers vs. WR, QB vs. QB), but they have something that differentiates them. In fact, you have superior athletes who under perform athletes with less athletic ability.
It is that ability that is unmeasureable (only by output), that will differentiate people in the future, and not how much we remember and regurgitate (which i think happens a lot in this day and age)(i personally do bad in tests because I have a terrible memory, but when it came to my econ classes, I was usually the one helping people understand concepts and how they worked). We are all unique thinkers.
I think the future is like the movies in that, we will no longer have to work. I hope in the future machines run everything that is needed for human survival and all we do is think and think and think and think and think.
Really interesting post. It’s fun thinking about the future.
Monday ~ October 18th, 2010 at 11:12 am
jsalvati
Obviously. The only thing that would make this not the dominant strategy is if there was some more powerful technology: brain uploading or somesuch.
Monday ~ October 18th, 2010 at 12:20 pm
Charles Krohn
Charles Stross’s sci-fi novel “Accelerando” touches on this theme. Stross imagines a scenario in the 2020s (or maybe 2030s) where glasses-based computers such as you describe are ubiquitous. People are so used to them that they are a de facto component of consciousness. There are some interesting scenes where the protagonist removes his glasses, and it really is a loss of intelligence: so much of his mind is delegated to the computer, that he can’t remember where he is, what he’s supposed to be doing, who people are, etc.
This technology is coming, probably within 10 years, and certainly within 20. You could probably hack a prototype together today: use a smartphone, a glasses-based display, and a Bluetooth headset so the user can mutter commands. It will be ubiquitous, and it will dramatically change how we perceive intelligence.
Monday ~ October 18th, 2010 at 3:40 pm
JC
Something like this?:
Cleaning Man at Flophouse: [Damaged skin on the Terminator is rotting from gangrene] Hey, buddy. You got a dead cat in there, or what?
[the Terminator visualizes: 'POSSIBLE RESPONSE: YES/NO; OR WHAT?; GO AWAY; PLEASE COME BACK LATER; FUCK YOU, ASSHOLE; FUCK YOU']
The Terminator: Fuck you, asshole.
Tuesday ~ October 19th, 2010 at 9:19 am
Winn P
I rather like the term Peter F. Hamilton uses for this technology in his science fiction novels: “neural nanonics,” which I can only guess is short for neural nano-electronics.
It’s pretty impressive that his Night’s Dawn books, written in the mid-to-late 1990s, still seem like a very plausible use of the technology, despite the significant changes in the Internet over the last 15 years or so.
Tuesday ~ October 19th, 2010 at 9:42 am
Rhayader
This is an interesting piece, but I seriously question the following assertion: “nobody will be able to tell whether you’re looking at your computer or not.”
Ever try to have a conversation with someone distracted by an iPhone or Blackberry? The fact that the person is physically holding and looking at a device is actually a very small part of the dynamic. It’s immediately obvious when a person is focused on something besides the topic at hand; there are far too many conversational clues that betray the distraction. This is true even with a phone conversation; it’s really not hard to tell when the party on the other end of the line is searching Google or responding to an email instead of actively conversing.
Using a computer is not simply a matter of physical interfaces; the critical activity takes place in the mind, which will not change even with major interface revolutions. Don’t get me wrong, I think that “brain-mounted computers” would result in a radical shift in the way we interact with our world, but I don’t think they would make it particularly difficult for us to discern when the person in front of us is using his computer and when he isn’t.
Sunday ~ October 24th, 2010 at 11:15 am
Mat
I had the same reaction as Rhayader: email and Google in your brain might make you faster, but it will also make you more distracted. We don’t multitask well (see: cell phones and driving) so I’d imagine that for many tasks always-on internet will make people less effective, not more (see: laptops during meetings). Maybe we’ll figure out a way to integrate the information more naturally and seamlessly into our meat-brains… but here we’re talking about something much more than just a retinal iPhone.
(Personally and kind of off topic: the thing that squicks me most about the idea is the short MTBF and planned obsolescence of modern tech. I do not want to have surgery every time I buy a new phone, or get stuck with an obsolete, corroding interface wired to my optical cortex…)
Tuesday ~ October 19th, 2010 at 2:46 pm
Playing Musical Compositions Will Never Be the Same « RogerEvansOnline.com
[...] Musicians! Tired of memory slips and page-turners? Help is on the way! [...]
Tuesday ~ October 19th, 2010 at 5:32 pm
Michael Hayes
If your prediction takes place, I predict the invention of an ‘anti-Turing’ test to catch out those using the brain mounted computer – by seeing if they are too knowledgable.
Tuesday ~ October 19th, 2010 at 6:46 pm
CK MacLeod
Further to Rhayader’s comment, aside from the cues that someone engaged in “accessing info” will tend to give away, detectability may also be inherent in usage: Irreducibly, energy will transmitted to the optic nerve. In low-light situations, it would likely be externally visible. With the proper equipment, it might very well be externally readable. It could perhaps be concealed by various means, but employing stealth technologies – dark glasses, say – might be a giveaway. The transmissons on which the technology depended would also be detectable, and could be interfered with.
Not saying that the technology wouldn’t be adopted anyway, but “a) nobody will be able to tell whether you’re looking at your computer or not, and b) it will always be available to you” may not be the most important facts, or may need to be put in less absolute terms.
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 9:53 am
Jerry
As soon as it’s the dominant strategy, there will be a group of people who will try to impress by casually *not* knowing the wingspeed of a hummingbird. Parts of our society value intelligence-as-store-of-knowledge but creativity/problem-solving/wit is almost always and almost everywhere more highly valued.
I agree that brain-mounted computers will be an amazing tool. But I think their use as enormous reference books is pretty unexciting. The ability to use them to extend our own intelligence in ways we find difficult would be much more interesting: prediction, scenario planning, judging ‘quality’, etc.
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 10:30 am
Ben
“Once perfect memory is universal, logic, reason, and analytical thinking will be the sole dimension by which intelligence is measured.”
Creativity?
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 11:31 am
Anonymous coward
“genius will be indistinguishable from brain mounted computer use”
Knowing many things does not make a person intelligent. It does not even make a person educated.
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 11:36 am
rasputin
The bigger problem is that you are now a node in a pervasive network, where your perceptions and emotional/cognitive states will easily be recorded. If you are excited about this, you are crazy. Privacy will be completely impossible.
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 12:45 pm
David
Well it depends, just because you have a networking capability it does not mean you need a computer to be constantly networked. You could easily have many gigabits of information on a device. After all Google is great, but if I am interested in a particular topic I may want a suite of certain knowledge on economics/antique prices/automobiles. Then I can simply turn the network connection off. Though this in the future might become a social signal “Oh, he is not online. He wants face time/alone time/he is an asocial jerk.” Depending of course on the context situation.
Also the pneumatic tubes are a strange prediction, but am I weird to think they are not necessarily a bad idea?
Friday ~ October 22nd, 2010 at 8:53 pm
Lewis
Well I’m rather expecting and looking forward to the ways this would/will change our interactions with immediate surroudings a la Vernor Vinge. I would hope that mere access to all that data would be just the beginning of the story.
Saturday ~ October 23rd, 2010 at 4:27 am
Meno
You misunderstand memory and cognition. Memories impinge. When working in your area of expertise ideas occur and come up based on your knowledge. It is not a passive storage system.
You also misunderstand logic and reason. They are not ways to reach conclusions, they are ways to test them and show they are correct.
Maybe direct neural interfaces will become ubiquitous. But I find your argument unconvincing.
Saturday ~ October 23rd, 2010 at 4:31 am
Meno
Consider a recent hard mental task you finished, be it a project or test or whatever. Ask yourself who could have done it better; you with only a paper library which you can access only very slowly or an untrained idiot who knows how to use google and has access to it. Facts on hand is not the same thing as knowledge.
Saturday ~ October 23rd, 2010 at 6:31 pm
Robert
I think a lot of analysis could be done by computers linked to the brain. I think what will be valuable in the future will be the ability to manage, coordinate and creatively combine the various computational assistants we have attached to our brains, and also the ability to enthuse and coordinate other people (old fashioned leadership and management skills really).
Sunday ~ October 24th, 2010 at 5:28 pm
Robb
Imagine how simply one could manipulate one of these brain-augmentation-dependent persons if you owned the pipes. Just skew the information available to them, even if only slightly.
Monday ~ October 25th, 2010 at 5:21 pm
P.O.S.Z.U. » Class Gadgetism
[...] have a computer in their pocket when such a thing would have seemed far-fetched only ten years ago, it seems hardly a prediction that one day we might have computers attached to our brains, or stuffed…. In the link attached to the previous sentence, you can speculate on exactly what these attachments [...]
Monday ~ October 25th, 2010 at 6:18 pm
Super Link Drop Extreme Edition « The Thread Needler
[...] A (possibly inaccurate) prognostication of our cyborg-like, overman-esque technological future: “You’ll have a powerful computer in your future iPhone-like-device that is connected to a special contact lens that so that screens floats in front on your face, and you steer the whole thing with your brain… …As far as anyone who knows you can tell you will never misspell a word, not know a fact, forget the words to a song, or know any piece of data. Quick: what was the per-capita GDP of Guatamala in 1976? Anyone with a brain mounted computer will be able to tell you. [...]
Tuesday ~ October 26th, 2010 at 12:12 pm
This Week in Small Business: Some Good News? - NYTimes.com
[...] the market. Where’s it all going? Future phones will be controlled directly from your brains, according to one expert. So what will I do with all those computers in my office? Microsoft announced it sold [...]
Monday ~ December 13th, 2010 at 8:52 am
A computer in your head is part of your brain, but in your pocket… « Modeled Behavior
[...] made similar arguments before, and I think that in the not-so-distant future we won’t need thinkers like [...]
Friday ~ June 8th, 2012 at 9:38 pm
Mourad
Nargess jaan,Thank you so much for your encouragement and all of your hard work to reiavtlize RadioCP.Sima joon,Thank you so much for your complement about my voice, you are so sweet.Sima T aziz:Great program, I really enjoyed listening to it! We are a great team
Ehsan,a0I am glad that you liked the program and thank you so much for your support and for good elaboration. I admire your analytical thinking and great communication skills.To the first comment:Thanks for being the first one who commented. I admit that it is tough to translate from one language to another, without loosing the sweetness or the true meaning of some of the words (applies to any language).
Thursday ~ February 23rd, 2012 at 3:13 pm
Assorted links — Marginal Revolution
[...] 5. The Google glasses, and Ozimek here. [...]
Saturday ~ April 21st, 2012 at 4:20 pm
Would You Use a Brain-Computer Interface While Having Sex? // Eli Dourado
[...] Ozimek reminded me of his old post on brain-computer interfaces, in which he argues that in the future virtually everyone will have one. Adam reasons that such [...]
Saturday ~ April 21st, 2012 at 8:42 pm
The future is not what you want « Modeled Behavior
[...] response to an old post of mine, Eli Dourado has some skeptical thoughts on what you could call “brain mounted [...]
Thursday ~ January 3rd, 2013 at 8:48 am
Http://Standinguptojihad.com
Whatever truly motivated you to create “Brain
Mounted Computers are a Dominant Strategy Equilibrium Modeled Behavior”?
I reallyabsolutely loved it! Thanks for the post ,Cristine
Tuesday ~ January 8th, 2013 at 6:48 pm
http://tinyurl.com/ryan-8154038343
Thank you for applying time in order to publish “Brain Mounted Computers are a Dominant Strategy
Equilibrium Modeled Behavior”. Thank you so
much once again ,Barrett
Thursday ~ January 17th, 2013 at 4:26 pm
http://tinyurl.com/stumsharp13390
“Brain Mounted Computers are a Dominant Strategy Equilibrium | Modeled Behavior” was in fact a excellent article.
However, if it possessed more pics this should be quite possibly better.
All the best -Levi
Thursday ~ January 24th, 2013 at 4:06 am
http://tinyurl.com/primsimon23203
You really made a lot of terrific points throughout your blog, “Brain
Mounted Computers are a Dominant Strategy Equilibrium Modeled Behavior”.
I am going to end up coming back to your webpage eventually.
Thx ,Mai