Bob Wright often argues that the evolution of life on Earth looks a whole lot like the product of design.
. . . biologists agree that a strictly physical system or process—whose workings can be wholly explained in material terms—can have such extraordinary characteristics that it is fair to posit some special creative force as its source and ask about the nature of that force. Darwin inquired into the creative force behind plants and animals, and his answer was evolution. Surely the believer is entitled to ask the same question about evolution: Where did the amazing algorithm of natural selection come from?
Such a believer, by the way, would not here be making an argument for “intelligent design,” the idea that natural selection isn’t adequate to account for human evolution. On the contrary, the idea here is that natural selection is such a powerful mechanism that its origin demands a special explanation; that evolution by natural selection has patterns and properties every bit as extraordinary as an animal’s maturation toward functional integration.
A lot of commentators tend to dismiss this out of hand, but I think that’s too quick. Bob asks an interesting question and one that cannot be as easily dismissed by Occam’s Razor as you might be tempted to think.
For Bob is not saying that we should believe that there is a creator because evolution begs for an explanation. This would indeed violate the principle of parsimony. Bob is suggesting that we should wonder if there is a creator. That is, he says: the majesty of evolution suggests we should attempt to accumulate more evidence. On the surface this seems highly appropriate.
The reason I am unenthusiastic about such a project is that unlike the mere existence of animal maturation, our evolution does carry with it, its own reason for existing. In short, for there to have never been evolution at all it must have been that case that no sustainable self-replicators were ever created anywhere in the universe. That seems in-and-of-itself implausible.
Once you have any sustainable self-replicator of any sort some, the process of evolution and natural selection is inevitable. Once that is the case you will get the features of maturation Bob is so enthralled by. The apparent majesty of evolutionary maturation is reduced to the existence of some self-replicator.
Now when we ask ourselves: how likely is it that some random assemblage of molecules would form a sustainable self-replicator. It seems quite likely. Indeed, it strikes us as so likely that the deeper mystery might be why the universe isn’t tiled over with self-replicators of all sorts. Why is so much of space apparently dead?
Indeed, as far as we know, we – as in Earth originating life – are the only ones. Now, perhaps this means that we are seriously underestimating the difficulty of making a sustainable self-replicator. However, the question is: why is evolution so much harder than it seems. Not: isn’t evolution so hard that it needs some outside explanation.

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Monday ~ September 6th, 2010 at 4:30 pm
RickRussellTX
“Why is so much of space apparently dead?”
Why do we assume this?
Space is big. Really, vastly, mind-bogglingly big. You may think it’s a long way down to the chemist, but that’s peanuts to space.
We’ve identified perhaps 500 systems that have likely exoplanets, although the galaxy and the universe are likely loaded with them. Of those, how many are in the band of relative safety where the planet receives adequate solar radiation but isn’t subjected to constant forces that would smash down any attempt to evolve large-scale life? Of those, how many evolved intelligent life at just the right time to send us a signal that we could receive?
We’ve only had a chance of detecting a signal from space in the last 50 years, maybe 60. Our entire intelligent civilization, let’s say dating from the last ice age, is a microblip on interstellar time scales — heck, it’s a microblip on the Earth’s time scales. If another Earth sprung up a few light years away but a few million years more or less advanced than us, we still might not ever determine that they had intelligent life.
Life existed on earth for 2 billion years before there was any hope of receiving a signal from space, much less transmitting one. There’s no reason to think that life on exoplanets would be any quicker or more effective at communication.
I don’t think there is any reason to believe that the universe is devoid of life until we’ve at least had the opportunity to detect signals on stellar time scales.
I mean, you might as well look out your front window for a millisecond and conclude that you’re the only person on Earth, because nobody walked past your window.
Monday ~ September 6th, 2010 at 10:29 pm
jazzbumpa
Without gainsaying what Rick says, It’s quite possible that in all of the universe we are IT – on a speck of a planet orbiting an insignificant star in the western spiral arm of only one of an untold multitude of galaxies.
Because life capable of evolving above low forms almost certainly has to be carbon based, in a water medium.
This requires a planet with an abundance of carbon and also oceans. Many planets are gas giants; many more are dead rocks. Ours has all the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen – plus sulfur, nitrogen, cobalt, etc – but not too much of any – needed to form complex molecules that are the basis for life.
It’s been known for decades that these compounds will form in a set of conditions that is the best guess of what things were like on early earth.
But you have to have the right kind of planet, with the right kind of rocks and elemental distribution at the right distance from the right kind of star.
After that, it’s easy. Just wait a few billion years. What could possibly go wrong?
Cheers!
JzB
Tuesday ~ September 7th, 2010 at 12:23 am
RickRussellTX
And in the near limitless universe, is it likely that there are many Earth-like planets? Almost certainly.
Problem is, their civilizations have to rise and fall*, and be sufficiently similar to ours, and be close enough*, that there is some hope of making contact. I’m not convinced that crossing galactic distances will ever be within the reach of physics.
* Of course, talking about these concepts you have to combine time and distance. Their civilizations have to rise and transmit so that the signal arrives here when we can receive it. So if they’re 100000 light years away (the approximate diameter of the Milky Way), they had to start transmitting 100000 years ago. Of course, by that time, they could be long dead. And by the time they receive our reply, we could be long dead.
We’ve really only got about 10000 years of recorded history, so it’s kind of hard to predict where we will be in 90000 more.
RR
Wednesday ~ September 8th, 2010 at 2:22 am
Synman
Hubert Yockey has approached this question from the perspective of Informa-
tion Theory, and has a book out: Information Theory and Molecular Biology.
The odds of self-assembly of Cytochrome-C are less than 1 in 10 to the 44th!
This key Mitochondrial enzyme is only 113 AA’s long and many enzymes are
much longer. He doesn’t personally endorse “Intelligent Design”, but he doesn’t
have an alternative explaination either. I don’t care for organized religions, but
they say it proves their point. All it proves is that there are long odds, so life
might be a rare occurance. Should it turn up elsewhere, especially in other distant galaxies, then they might have a case. Frankly, I don’t see a lot of “intelligence” in many of the “Designs”, including man! Natural selection only
works if the stupid or sick ones die before breeding. Currently the stupid breed
early and often which bodes ill for our future barring Genetic manipulation. Is it
time to practise a little “Intelligent Design”?
Thursday ~ September 9th, 2010 at 9:41 pm
jazzbumpa
On the other hand, there is this.
http://www.terrybisson.com/page6/page6.html
Cheers!
JzB